Earth and Environment Atlas

How The Planet Works
Scientists

Alfred Wegener

Geophysicist

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A German meteorologist and polar researcher who proposed continental drift, the idea that today's continents were once a single landmass that broke apart and drifted to their present positions. Dismissed by most geologists in his own time for want of a mechanism, he died on a Greenland expedition in 1930, three decades before seafloor spreading vindicated the core of his idea.

Facts
Birth Date
1880-11-01 1
Birth Year
1880 1
Death Year
1930 1
Died in November 1930 during a return trek across the Greenland ice sheet; the cited article does not give an exact calendar date.
Birthplace
Berlin, German Empire 1
Death Place
Greenland ice sheet, near Eismitte 1
Nationality
German 1
Defining Contribution
A meteorologist by training, proposed in 1912 that the continents had once been joined in a single landmass and were slowly drifting apart. The idea was rejected in his lifetime for lacking a mechanism, and became the accepted foundation of plate tectonics only after seafloor spreading supplied one in the 1960s. 1
Notable Work
The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1915) 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Concepts Credited

Continental Drift, Concepts

Why this is disputed. Wegener is credited with developing continental drift into a comprehensive, evidence-based theory published in 1912, but the core idea that continents had once fit together or moved was proposed by others earlier, including Antonio Snider-Pellegrini in 1858 and Frank Bursley Taylor, whose continental-creep model was presented in 1908 and published in 1910.

Precursor To

Harry Hess, Scientists

Wegener's rejected continental drift is the idea Hess's seafloor spreading gave a mechanism to, decades later.

Works In

Sources
Dissenting Readings (1 dissenting reading)
Concepts Credited: Continental Drift

Antonio Snider-Pellegrini illustrated in 1858 how the Atlantic coastlines could be closed together into a single landmass, and Frank Bursley Taylor proposed a mechanism of continental creep in 1908 (published 1910), the first to link continental motion to mountain building, attributing the Himalaya to the Indian subcontinent's collision with Asia. Wegener's distinct and larger contribution, the reason the theory carries his name, was assembling geological, paleontological and paleoclimatic evidence into a single systematic, testable case in 1912.

A dissenting reading, from Antonio Snider-Pellegrini and Frank Bursley TaylorContinental Drift (Wikipedia), Wikimedia Foundation
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